Wow. I finally got the carb off - it was tricky because it seemed like the nuts were a little too fat and there wasn't enough clearance to slide them out without a ton of coaxing. Has anyone ever experienced this?
I was prepared for some gunk in there. I was not prepared for the goo I found.

I have never in my life seen anything like this. Inside the bowl was a thick white sludge, once I scooped it out there was a flaky but stubborn scale. I gave all parts a good few runs in the ultrasonic cleaner, but there was still some stuff stuck on there. Petcock was messed up but good as well.
They're not great pix, but you'll find the rest here. (I'll have to bring my proper camera to the shop next time).
As regards the headlight, turns out a friend has been working on it (he used to work at the shop where I'm set up, but no longer). I floated the idea of epoxy to seal it back up, so we shall see how this works.
I think I'll have some more time to get to work on it Friday night. A toothbrush and some carb cleaner to try and finish the cleaning up job maybe. Rebuild and reinstall. We shall see how this goes. There's that ride near Baltimore coming up in a few weeks, so that's a good deadline I think.